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In the ocean-atmosphere system a strong coupling between ocean and
atmosphere exists via various processes.
Over two third of the Earth surface is covered by seawater, which
provides a huge interface between ocean and atmosphere. It is well
known, that there is an exchange of heat between the two domains,
wind generated waves induce eddies in the upper ocean layer and
gaseous chemical compounds are exchanged at the interface
layer.
There is a direct impact of the ocean on climate, e.g. by heat
exchange and the heat capacity of the ocean, as well as an
indirect impact, e.g., by uptake or emission of greenhouse gases
from or to the atmosphere.
Physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere and ocean, and interactions between the two domains.
We are using a chemistry climate model (EMAC) (Jöckel et al. 2005,
2006, 2010) to simulate the atmospheric part of the Earth
system.
The goal is to couple an interactive ocean circulation and
biogeochemistry model
(MPIOM
+ HAMOCC) (Jungclaus et al., 2006;
Kloster et al., 2006) to the atmospheric part and asses the
influence of chemical exchange on atmospheric chemistry.
Schematic overview of processes of ocean-atmosphere interactions. Interactions can be divided in physical (green) and chemical (yellow) processes.
The processes of ocean-atmosphere interaction can be divided into
physical (green) and chemical (yellow) processes.
Wet deposition and river runoff do not only dilute the upper ocean
layer water, but also import chemical compounds to the ocean,
which act as nutrients in ocean biogeochemistry.
Evolution of the model system.
Coupling an ocean and an atmosphere model can be divided in
physical and chemical coupling. Our focus will be on chemical
coupling.
In an older version, the model used prescribed oceanic
emissions. Using the AIRSEA submodel (Pozzer et al.,
2006; Pozzer, 2007), it is possible to calculate
the air-sea gas exchange in both directions.
Coupling the ocean chemistry allows an explicit calculation of the
oceanic concentrations. Using the wet and dry deposition from the
atmospheric submodels, allows a consistent simulations of
nutrients input to the ocean by the atmosphere. Including the
nutrients input by river runoff, its influence on coastal areas
can be simulated.
Literature
- Kloster et al.: DMS cycle in the marine ocean-atmosphere system - a global model study, Biogeosciences, 3, 29-51, doi:10.5194/bg-3-29-2006, 2006.
- Jones: First- and Second-Order Conservative Remapping Schemes for Grids in Spherical Coordinates, Monthly Weather Review, 127, 2204-2210, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<2204%3AFASOCR>2.0.CO%3B2, 1999.
- Jöckel et al.: Technical Note: The Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) - a new approach towards Earth System Modeling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 433-444, doi:10.5194/acp-5-433-2005, 2005.
- Jöckel et al.: Evaluation of the atmospheric chemistry GCM ECHAM5/MESSy: Consistent simulation of ozone in the stratosphere and troposphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5067- 5104, doi:10.5194/acp-6-5067-2006, 2006.
- Jöckel et al.: Development cycle 2 of the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy2), Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 717-752, doi:10.5194/gmd-3-717-2010, 2010.
- Jungclaus et al.: Ocean circulation and tropical variability in the coupled model ECHAM5/MPI-OM, Journal of Climate, 19, 3952-3972, doi:10.1175/JCLI3827.1, 2006.
- Liss and Slater: Flux of gases across the air-sea interface, Nature, 247, 181-184, doi:10.1038/247181a0, 1974.
- Pozzer et al.: Technical Note: The MESSy-submodel AIRSEA calculating the air-sea exchange of chemical species, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5435-5444, doi:10.5194/acp-6-5435-2006, 2006.
- Pozzer: Simulating short lived carbonaceous compounds with an atmospheric chemistry general circulation model, Diss., Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, urn:nbn:de:hebis:77-13153, 2007
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